Modeling irregular small bodies gravity field via extreme learning machines and Bayesian optimization

Close proximity operations around small bodies are extremely challenging due to their uncertain dynamical environment. Autonomous guidance and navigation around small bodies require fast and accurate modeling of the gravitational field for potential on-board computation. In this paper, we investigate a model-based, data-driven approach to compute and predict the gravitational acceleration around irregular small bodies. More specifically, we employ Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) theories to design, train and validate Single-Layer Feedforward Networks (SLFN) capable of learning the relationship between the spacecraft position and the gravitational acceleration. ELM-base neural networks are trained without iterative tuning therefore dramatically reducing the training time. Analysis of performance in constant density models for asteroid 25143 Itokawa and comet 67/P Churyumov-Gerasimenko show that ELM-based SLFN are able learn the desired functional relationship both globally and in selected localized areas near the surface. The latter results in a robust neural algorithm for on-board, real-time calculation of the gravity field needed for guidance and control in close-proximity operations near the asteroid surface.     

高温环境下大尺度薄壁结构的电性能优化设计

考虑温度引起的热变形和材料电磁参数变化对天线罩电性能的影响,基于口径积分-表面积分法(AI-SI)和有限元法(FEM),提出了高温环境下天线罩电性能分析方法;进而基于粒子群算法(PSO),建立了计及热效应的天线罩结构电性能优化流程。分别选取常温环境、均匀高温环境和非均匀高温环境三种典型工况,对比研究了温度对天线罩电性能的影响规律,并对天线罩电性能进行了优化,研究结果表明:高温会引起天线罩透波系数的下降和瞄准误差的上升,在天线罩优化设计中应重视温度对电性能的影响;计及热效应的天线罩结构电性能优化方法能显著提升天线罩的透波系数、降低瞄准误差,具有良好的优化效果。     

弹丸速度对超爆轰冲压加速器性能影响

为研究超爆轰模态冲压加速器的推进性能，采用混合的Roe/HLL（Harten, Lax, Van Leer）格式，结合自适应网格加密技术(AMR )与沉浸边界法(IBM )，数值模拟了弹丸速度高于预混可燃气体C-J爆速的冲压加速器流场，揭示了弹丸速度对流场结构与推力的影响。结果表明当弹丸速度在一定范围时，斜爆轰波可驻定在弹丸肩部或头部，在弹丸尾部形成高压区加速弹丸，并且，斜爆轰波驻定在弹丸头部推力更高，稳定工作的速度范围 更宽 。     

Analysis on Output Power for Multi-direction Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester

To predict the performance of multi-direction piezoelectric vibration energy harvester,an equation for calculating its output power is obtained based on elastic mechanics theory and piezoelectricity theory.Experiments are performed to verify theoretical analysis.When the excitation direction is along Y direction,a maximal output power about 0.139 mW can be harvested at a resistive load of 65kΩ and an excitation frequency of 136 Hz.Theoretical analysis agrees well with experimental results.Furthermore,the performance of multi-direction vibration energy harvester is experimentally tested.The results show that the multi-direction vibration energy harvester can harvest perfect energy as the excitation direction changes in XY plane,YZ plane,XZ plane and body diagonal plane of the harvester.     

基于权重的层次矢量量化体压缩算法及其在空间环境中的应用

空间环境数据可视化是空间环境预报和服务的重要手段.目前基于矢量量化的压缩体绘制算法均只考虑了数据特点和压缩效果，并未结合具体应用需求.为适应空间环境体数据可视化具体应用需求，提出了一种应用驱动的压缩体绘制算法——基于权重的层次矢量量化算法（WHVQ）.算法将体数据划分为43的数据块，并为数据块设置权重，重点关注区域的数据块赋予相对较大的权重值.然后，对各数据块用三层结构表示.最后，对次高层和最高层分别采用基于权重的主成分分析分裂法产生初始码书，并采用基于权重的LBG算法进行码书优化和量化.实验结果表明，该算法能够在保证整体压缩效果的同时，提升局部重点关注区域的重构质量.      

封闭式仿生螺旋缠绕软体夹持器的设计与研究

针对目前软体夹持器缺乏螺旋缠绕变形的理论研究及传统多指软体夹持器夹持力不足的问题，开展了针对纤维增强结构的仿生软体夹持器螺旋缠绕变形特性的研究，提出了一种新的封闭式抓取方式。首先，设计了仿生软体夹持器，该夹持器由软体夹持装置、软体夹持套、紧固套及连接装置组成。其次，基于Mooney-Rivlin模型建立了驱动压强与驱动器螺旋缠绕变形后端面扭转角度的非线性数学模型，并对夹持器封闭式抓取的末端闭合特性进行了分析。然后，开展了单元驱动器螺旋缠绕变形的仿真及实验，结果证明了理论模型的正确性。最后，进行了仿生软体夹持器封闭式抓取实验。结果表明:封闭式仿生软体夹持器具有较大的负载能力及良好的目标适应性。      

基于M-K模型的TA15钛合金高温成形极限

为了探究TA15钛合金高温环境下的成形极限，明确本构方程中参数对成形极限的影响规律，建立了考虑高温软化效应TA15钛合金高温环境下的本构关系，利用高温成形极限试验平台及M-K失稳理论对TA15钛合金板高温环境下的成形极限分别进行了试验测试及理论预测。理论预测结果表明当温度从800℃提升至880℃时，平面应变状态下的极限主应变由0.18提升至0.33。基于M-K失稳理论和建立的高温本构模型，分析了本构方程中的参数对成形极限的影响规律，结果表明提高加工硬化指数、速率敏感因子及减小软化因子，均可以提升应变强化率的大小，进一步延缓沟槽内应变状态趋于平面应变状态，从而提升理论成形极限曲线在应变空间中的位置。此外，理论计算结果表明速率敏感因子对成形极限曲线的左侧影响程度要大于其对右侧部分的影响，该现象主要归因于速率敏感因子对不同应变大小下的应变强化率的影响不同。      

A review of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites

SiCp/Al composites have excellent comprehensive properties and have been widely used in aerospace, automotive industry and other fields. Due to the huge difference in performance between SiC particles and matrix alloys, traditional fusion welding methods are difficult to meet the join requirements of SiCp/Al composites. Friction stir joining (friction stir welding), as a solid phase joining process, has been proved to be a new technology with fine prospect in joining SiCp/Al composites compared with fusion welding process. Although some progress has been made in recent years, there are still full of challenges. In this paper, the research status of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites in recent years is expatiated, including the weldability of SiCp/Al composites, the macrostructure and the microstructure of joints, mechanical properties of joints, and tool wear and monitoring. Furthermore, the existing challenges of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites are summarized and the future development directions are prospected.     

Analytical Calculation Model for Mach Wave Parameters

When a wave shaper is embedded in a liner,Mach wave will emerge above the liner,which affects the head shape of an explosively formed projectile.Mach wave parameters,including radius and pressure need to be determined to effectively match Mach wave with the liner,so that a good head shape can be obtained.An analytical calculation model for Mach wave parameter is presented based on three-shock theory,and the theoretical values agree well with the experimental ones.The analysis shows that when the radius of the wave shaper is constant,the radius of the Mach wave increases,whereas the pressure decreases while increasing the distance between the liner and the wave shaper.When the distance between the liner and the wave shaper is constant,the radius of the Mach wave increases,whereas the pressure decreases when decreasing the radius of the wave shaper.     

Spatial transformation of general sampling-aliasing frequency region for rotating-blade parameter identification with emphasis on single-probe blade tip-timing measurement

Blade-health monitoring is intensely required for turbomachinery because of the high failure risk of rotating blades. Blade-Tip Timing (BTT) is considered as the most promising technique for operational blade-vibration monitoring, which obtains the parameters that characterize the blade condition from recorded signals. However, its application is hindered by severe undersampling and stringent probe layouts. An inappropriate probe layout can make most of the existing methods invalid or inaccurate. Additionally, a general conflict arises between the allowed and required layouts because of arrangement restrictions. For the sake of economy and safety, parameter identification based on fewer probes has been preferred by users. In this work, a spatial-transformation-based method for parameter identification is proposed based on a single-probe BTT measurement. To present the general Sampling-Aliasing Frequency (SAFE) map definition, the traditional time–frequency analysis methods are extended to a time-sampling frequency. Then, a SAFE map is projected onto a parameter space using spatial transformation to extract the slope and intercept parameters, which can be physically interpreted as an engine order and a natural frequency using coordinate transformation. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified by simulations and experiments under uniformly and nonuniformly variable speed conditions.